本文介绍如何使用Python制作一个简单的猜数字游戏。
游戏规则
玩家将猜测一个数字。如果猜测是正确的，玩家赢。如果不正确，程序会提示玩家所猜的数字与实际数字相比是“大(high)”还是“小(low)”,如此往复直到玩家猜对数字。
准备好Python3
首先，需要在计算机上安装Python。可以从Python官网下载并安装。本教程需要使用最新版的Python 3(版本3.x.x)。
确保选中将Python添加到PATH变量的框。如果不这样做，将很难运行该程序。
现在，在设备上打开文本/代码编辑器。就个人而言，我偏好使用Brackets。 Windows上预装了Notepad， Mac OS包含TextEdit，而Linux用户可以使用Vim。
打开文本编辑器后，保存新文件。我将它命名为main.py，但你可以随意命名，只要它以.py结尾即可。
编码
本教程的说明将作为注释包含在代码中。 在Python中，注释以#开头并一直持续到行结束。
- from keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D, GlobalAveragePooling2D
- # First, we need to import the 'random' module.
- # This module contains the functionality we need to be able to randomly select the winning number.
- import random
- # Now, we need to select a random number.
- # This line will set the variable 'correct' to be equal to a random integer between 1 and 10.
- correct = random.randint(1, 10)
- # Let's get the user's first guess using the 'input' function.
- guess = input("Enter your guess: ")
- # Right now, the user's input is formatted as a string.
- # We can format it as an integer using the 'int' function.
- guess = int(guess)
- # Let's start a loop that will continue until the user has guessed correctly.
- # We can use the '!=' operator to mean 'not equal'.
- while guess != correct:
- # Everything in this loop will repeat until the user has guessed correctly.
- # Let's start by giving the user feedback on their guess. We can do this using the 'if' statement.
- # This statement will check if a comparison is true.
- # If it is, the code inside the 'if' statement will run.
- if guess > correct:
- # This code will run if the user guessed too high.
- # We can show a message to the user using the 'print' function.
- print("You've guessed too high. Try guessing lower.")
- else:
- # The 'else' statement adds on to an 'if' statement.
- # It will run if the condition of the 'if' statement is false.
- # In this case, it will run if the user guessed too low, so we can give them feedback.
- print("You've guessed too low. Try guessing higher.")
- # Now we need to let the user guess again.
- # Notice how I am combining the two lines of guessing code to make just one line.
- guess = int(input("Enter your guess: "))
- # If a user's guess is still incorrect, the code in the 'while' loop will be repeated.
- # If they've reached this point in the code, it means they guessed correctly, so let's say that.
- print("Congratulations! You've guessed correctly.")
此外，可以随意更改程序中的任何内容。
例如，可以将正确的数字设置为1到100而不是1到10，可以更改程序在print()函数中所说的内容。你的代码想怎么写都可以。
运行程序
根据你的操作系统，打开命令提示符(Windows / Linux)或终端(Mac)。 按顺序尝试以下每个命令。 如果正确安装Python，其中至少有一个应该可以运行。
- python C:/Users/username/Desktop/main.py
- py C:/Users/username/Desktop/main.py
- python3 C:/Users/username/Desktop/main.py
确保将C：/Users/username/Desktop/main.py替换为Python文件的完整路径。
程序运行后，可测试一下，玩几次! 完成操作后，按向上箭头键复制最后一个命令，然后按Enter即可再次运行。
以下是没有任何注释的代码版本：
- import random
- correct = random.randint(1, 10)
- guess = input("Enter your guess: ")
- guess = int(guess)
- while guess != correct:
- if guess > correct:
- print("You've guessed too high. Try guessing lower.")
- else:
- print("You've guessed too low. Try guessing higher.")
- guess = int(input("Enter your guess: "))
- print("Congratulations! You've guessed correctly.")
