最近有人问到ref关键字的正确用法,下面我们来举例说明。其实要更好的理解ref关键字,结合C++代码更加容易一些。另外在开始我们的例子之前,需要提前说明几点:
C#中的数据有两种类型:引用类型(reference types)和值类型(value types)。简单类型(包括int,long,double等)和结构(structs)都是值类型,而其他的类都是引用类型。简单类型在传值的时候会做复制操作,而引用类型只是传递引用,就像C++中的指针一样。
注意structs在C#和C++中的区别。在C++中,structs和类基本相同(except that the default inheritance and default access are public rather than private)。而在C#中,structs和类有很大的区别。其中最大的区别(我个人觉得,同时也是容易忽略的一个地方)可能就是它是值类型,而不是引用类型。
下面这段代码是MSDN中的例子:
// cs_ref.cs using System; public class MyClass { public static void TestRef(ref char i) { // The value of i will be changed in the calling method i = 'b'; }
public static void TestNoRef(char i) { // The value of i will be unchanged in the calling method i = 'c'; }
// This method passes a variable as a ref parameter; the value of the // variable is changed after control passes back to this method. // The same variable is passed as a value parameter; the value of the // variable is unchanged after control is passed back to this method. public static void Main() { char i = 'a'; // variable must be initialized TestRef(ref i); // the arg must be passed as ref Console.WriteLine(i); TestNoRef(i); Console.WriteLine(i); } } |
大家很容易看出输出结果是:
那么如果把这个例子做一些新的改动,将值类型(这里用的是char)改成引用类型,程序运行又是什么效果呢?
// ---------------------------------------- // MyClass definition public class MyClass { public int Value; }
// ---------------------------------------- // Tester methods public static void TestRef(ref MyClass m) { m.Value = 10; }
public static void TestNoRef(MyClass m) { m.Value = 20; }
public static void TestCreateRef(ref MyClass m) { m = new MyClass(); m.Value = 100; }
public static void TestCreateNoRef(MyClass m) { m = new MyClass(); m.Value = 200; }
public static void Main() { MyClass m = new MyClass(); m.Value = 1;
TestRef(ref m); Console.WriteLine(m.Value);
TestNoRef(m); Console.WriteLine(m.Value);
TestCreateRef(ref m); Console.WriteLine(m.Value);
TestCreateNoRef(m); Console.WriteLine(m.Value); } |